Herpes Simplex

Herpes simplex is a very common viral condition caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). The virus is the cause of “cold sores”. The same virus can also affect various areas of the eye including the cornea, causing herpes eye symptoms. While often mild, it can lead to serious complications if not diagnosed and treated appropriately.
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What is a Herpes Eye Infection?

A herpes eye infection occurs when the herpes simplex virus affects the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye. The most common form is epithelial keratitis, where the virus infects the outermost layer of the cornea. In more severe cases, deeper layers of the cornea may be involved, leading to stromal keratitis, which can cause scarring and vision loss if untreated.

Most people carry HSV-1 from a young age, and the virus can lie dormant in the body before becoming reactivated, often triggered by stress, illness, or sunlight.

Centre for Sight young female with dark long hair rubbing eyes due to herpes eye symptoms

Herpes Eye Symptoms

Symptoms of a herpes eye infection can range from mild irritation to serious vision impairment. Common signs include:

  • Eye redness and irritation
  • Watery or gritty sensation
  • Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
  • Blurred vision
  • Eye pain
  • Recurrent episodes of eye discomfort

If you experience any of these herpes eye symptoms, especially if they recur, prompt assessment by an eye specialist is essential. The sooner you see an eye specialist the better.

Treatment for Herpes Simplex

Herpes and eye symptom treatment depends on the severity and depth of the infection:

  • Topical antiviral eye drops or ointments are typically used for epithelial keratitis.
  • Oral antiviral medications may be prescribed in recurrent or more serious cases.
  • For stromal keratitis, treatment may include steroids alongside antivirals to reduce inflammation and prevent scarring.
  • In cases where the cornea is significantly damaged, a corneal transplant may be considered.
Blonde haired woman wearing grey jumper having eyes being to discover red eye causes

Why See an Eye Specialist Promptly

As with many eye conditions, when it comes to herpes and eyes, early diagnosis and treatment are key to avoiding long-term damage. While symptoms are often mild, it can lead to serious complications such as vision loss if not diagnosed and treated appropriately. Seeing an eye specialist when symptoms first arise means there is less chance that your cornea will have experienced irreversible damage.

Herpes Simplex FAQs

Can Herpes Eye Infection recur?

Yes. Once HSV is in the body, it can reactivate and cause recurrent infections. Managing triggers and using long-term antiviral medication in frequent cases can reduce recurrence.

What can reactivate HSV-1?

Most people carry HSV-1 from a young age, and the virus can lie dormant in the body before becoming reactivated, often triggered by stress, illness, or sunlight.

Is it contagious?

HSV-1 is a contagious virus, often transmitted through skin-to-skin contact. However, a herpes eye infection typically results from reactivation of the virus already present in the body, rather than direct transmission to the eye.

Can it cause permanent vision loss?

If left untreated, recurrent or severe herpes eye infection can lead to scarring of the cornea and permanent vision problems. However, with proper treatment, most people recover well.

Can Herpes Eye Infection affect both eyes?

A herpes eye infection typically affects only one eye, but in rare cases or in individuals with weakened immune systems, both eyes can be involved. Early intervention and appropriate treatment help reduce the risk of bilateral infection and prevent complications.

What are the treatments for a herpes eye infection?

Treatments for herpes eye symptoms include topical antiviral eye drops or ointments, oral antiviral medications, steroids and less commonly a corneal transplant. Treatment will depend on the severity. Book a consultation to find out your treatment options.