Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking (CXL) uses riboflavin (vitamin B2) eye drops combined with controlled ultraviolet light to increase the strength and rigidity of the cornea. By creating new molecular bonds within the corneal stroma, this treatment helps halt the progression of ectatic conditions such as keratoconus.
At Centre for Sight, our specialist team uses up-to-date protocols and comprehensive diagnostics to identify when CXL is needed — giving you the best chance of stabilising your vision before more invasive procedures become necessary.
First line treatment for mild keratoconus.
For more advanced shape irregularity.
Strengthens the cornea to slow progression.
Synthetic rings (e.g., Intacs, Ferrara) – plastic segments inside cornea.
CAIRS (Keranatural) – donor tissue rings for improved biocompatibility and customisation.
When more severe scarring or thinning requires grafting.
Please note that your consultant will recommend the most suitable treatment option tailored to your specific case.
| Procedure | How it works | Best for | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CXL (Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking) | Riboflavin drops + controlled UV light strengthen collagen bonds to halt progression. | Progressive keratoconus with adequate corneal thickness. | Proven to stop/slow progression | Vision can take months to stabilise |
| CAIRS (Corneal Allograft Intrastromal Ring Segments) (Keranatural) | Donor corneal tissue segments are placed into tunnels within the cornea to gently reshape and regularise the cone. | Patients with moderate keratoconus experiencing visual distortion but not yet requiring a transplant. | Uses natural corneal tissue → more biocompatible | Recovery and shape stabilisation can take time |
| Synthetic Ring Segments (e.g., Intacs, Ferrara) | Plastic ring segments are inserted into the cornea to flatten the cone and reduce irregular astigmatism. | Patients who are not suitable for glasses alone and who want to delay transplant. | Minimally invasive procedure | May offer less natural shaping compared to CAIRS |
| DALK (Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty) | The front layers of the cornea are replaced with donor tissue, preserving the inner endothelial layer. | More advanced keratoconus where corneal thinning and scarring are significant but the endothelium is still healthy. | Preserves patient’s own endothelium → lower rejection risk | Surgical complexity requires specialist expertise |
| PK (Penetrating Keratoplasty / Full-Thickness Transplant) | The entire cornea is replaced with a donor graft. | Severe keratoconus, scarring, extreme thinning, or failed previous procedures. | Comprehensive option when other treatments are insufficient | Requires lifelong monitoring and suture management |
You may be a candidate for CXL if you:
Your consultant will provide a personalised risk-and-benefit discussion based on your eye’s specific needs.
| Benefits (vary by procedure): | Risks/side effects (not exhaustive): |
|---|---|
| Can stop or slow down keratoconus progression — preserving current vision. | Vision may be hazy immediately after treatment and full stabilisation takes time (months) |
| Minimally invasive outpatient procedure | CXL may not reverse existing scarring or distortion — glasses or lenses may still be needed |
| May delay or avoid the need for corneal transplant in many cases | Small risk of complications such as infection, delayed healing or corneal haze |
Fill out our online form or call our team. Our enquiry staff will guide you through your first steps towards clearer vision.
A full diagnostic work-up including corneal scans, thickness mapping, and lens/contact history.
Review findings with your specialist; discuss CXL and alternatives.
Day-case procedure performed under local anaesthetic; riboflavin applied, UV light exposure.
Regular follow-ups, vision monitoring, lens refitting when appropriate; ongoing corneal health support.
Transparent pricing will be provided in your consultation. Costs vary depending on the number of segments, complexity of the cornea, and whether combined treatments (e.g., CXL) are required.
Flexible finance plans are available to spread the investment comfortably (subject to status and eligibility).
CXL uses riboflavin and UV light to create stronger bonds between collagen fibres in the cornea, making it more stable and reducing progression of keratoconus.
The primary aim is to stop progression. Some patients may see improved clarity over time, but vision correction with glasses or contacts may still be needed.
Most patients return to light activity within a week, but full stabilisation and vision improvement may take several months.
Our corneal team are specialists in keratoconus, using advanced scanning, diagnostics and tailored treatment plans, providing world-class care and long-term support.
